Quantum optics technology is a cutting-edge field that combines modern physics with optical engineering. It investigates the quantum properties of light and their revolutionary applications in areas such as information technology, precision measurement, and sensing detection. Unlike traditional optics, which treats light as a continuous wave, quantum optics views light as a quantum system composed of discrete photons. By leveraging unique quantum properties like superposition, entanglement, and coherence, it pushes beyond the limits of classical physics.

Bioimaging is an interdisciplinary frontier that integrates optical physics, engineering, and life sciences  Grounded in wave optics and information theory, it utilizes high-sensitivity, high-resolution detection systems and intelligent algorithms to study light–matter interactions at fine scales. Its aim is to break the diffraction limit of conventional imaging and achieve multidimensional, dynamic visualization of biological specimens from the nanoscale to the macroscopic level.

Micro-nano optics is a discipline that studies the interaction between light and matter at micro- and nanometer scales, focusing on applications such as light generation, transmission, manipulation, and detection. It drives the miniaturization and integration of optical systems, offering unique capabilities in light-field control and creating opportunities for advancements in intelligent sensing technologies. Research in this field also encompasses emerging areas such as nanoscale plasmonics, which significantly enhances photonic integration and fosters innovation in optoelectronic technologies.

The photovoltaic industry encompasses multiple segments, including upstream silicon material and wafer production, midstream solar cell and module manufacturing, and downstream power plant construction and operation. Technological advancements and economies of scale have driven continuous cost reductions in photovoltaics. Over the past decade, the cost of photovoltaic power generation has dropped by over 80%, making solar energy one of the most economical electricity options in many regions.

Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing) technology differs from traditional "subtractive" manufacturing, where material is removed through machining methods such as cutting. Instead, additive manufacturing builds objects by layering materials from the bottom up, transforming three-dimensional entities into multiple two-dimensional planes, significantly reducing manufacturing complexity.

The semiconductor industry is an industry that is developed based on materials whose conductivity at room temperature lies between that of conductors and insulators. It primarily produces integrated circuit chips and various discrete devices, which are widely used in computers, mobile terminals, consumer electronics, and other fields. Semiconductors serve as the core of the information technology industry, and their development scale and technological level have become an important indicator of a country's industrial competitiveness and comprehensive national strength.